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Last updated November
7, 2006
The Best Evidence Encyclopedia
Which comprehensive school reform
programs have evidence of positive effects on
elementary school achievement? To find out, this
review summarizes evidence on comprehensive school
reform (CSR) models in elementary schools, grades
K-6. Comprehensive school reform models are programs
used schoolwide to improve student achievement.
They typically include the following elements:
-
Innovative
approaches to instruction and curriculum used
in many subjects throughout the school
-
Extensive,
ongoing professional development, and coaches
or facilitators in the building to help manage
the reform process
-
Measureable
goals and benchmarks for student achievement
-
Emphasis
on parent and community involvement
CSR models are developed and supported
by national organizations, mostly nonprofits,
that provide professional development, materials,
and support to networks of schools.
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Overall, 495 studies
on 22 CSR models were identified initially relevant,
158 were eligible for full review, and 95 met
standards. Of these, 72 were rated “conclusive,”
and 23 were rated “suggestive.” Below
are listed the programs according to these categories.
Within categories, programs are listed in alphabetical
order.
* Within categories, programs are listed in alphabetical
order
For its quantitative analyses of
overall achievement, CSRQ identified 22 CSR programs
serving at least 20 schools in at least 3 states.
They then did an extensive search for all types
of studies that evaluated these programs. The
evaluations’ validity was rated as inconclusive,
suggestive, or conclusive. Conclusive studies
met the following criteria:
-
Schools using
each program had to be compared to equivalent
control groups
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Schools had
to have pretest scores or other baseline measures
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The outcome
measures had to be reliable and valid
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The study
duration had to be at least one year
To be considered
“suggestive,” a study had to meet
the same standards, but could have up to two “non-critical
threats to validity.”
CSR programs were rated in terms
of the strength of their evidence of effectiveness
in four categories:
CSRQ also looked at evidence in three additional
areas:
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